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Kelvinator is an appliance company owned by Electrolux of Sweden since 1986. It takes its name from William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, who developed the concept of absolute zero and for whom the Kelvin temperature scale is named. The name was thought appropriate for a company that manufactured ice-boxes and domestic refrigerators.
History
Kelvinator was founded in 1914, in Detroit, Michigan by engineer Nathaniel B. Wales who introduced his idea for a practical electric refrigeration unit for the home to Edmund Copeland and Arnold Goss.
Wales, a young inventor, secured financial backing from Arnold Goss, then secretary of the Buick Automobile company, to develop the first household mechanical refrigerators to be marketed under the name "Electro-Automatic Refrigerating Company." After producing a number of experimental models, Wales selected one for manufacturing.
In 1916, the name of the company was changed to "Kelvinator Company" in honor of British physicist, Lord Kelvin, the discoverer of "absolute zero" - the standard temperature basis for modern mechanical refrigeration. Kelvinator was among some two dozen home refrigerators introduced to the U.S. market in 1916. In 1918 Kelvinator introduced the first refrigerator with any type of automatic control.
By 1923, the Kelvinator Company held 80 percent of the market for electric refrigerators. In 1926, the company acquired Leonard, which had been founded in 1881. In 1928, George W. Mason assumed control of Kelvinator. Under his leadership the company lowered its costs while increasing market share through 1936.
On January 4, 1937, the company merged with Nash Motors to form Nash-Kelvinator Corporation as part of a deal that placed Mason at the helm of the combined company. In 1952, it acquired the Altorfer Bros. Company, which made home laundry equipment under the ABC brand name.
Nash-Kelvinator became a division of American Motors (AMC) when Nash merged with Hudson in 1954. Kelvinator introduced the first auto-defrost model side-by-side refrigerator in the early 1950s. In the 1960s, Kelvinator refrigerators introduced "picture frame" doors on some models allowing owners to decorate their appliance to match dor of their kitchens.
Under the leadership of Roy D. Chapin Jr. AMC sold off its Kelvinator operations in 1968. Kelvinator joined White Consolidated Industries, a company that had also acquired the rights to Frigidaire (formerly owned by General Motors), Gibson, Tappan, and White-Westinghouse product lines.
In the early 1990s, the name of the Dublin, Ohio based holding company changed to Frigidaire Company. In 1986, Frigidaire Corporation was acquired by Sweden's Electrolux and Carrier Corporation acquired Kelvinator.
Legacy
In 2005, Carrier sold the Kelvinator division to National Refrigeration of Honea Path, South Carolina. National Refrigeration continues to manufacture Kelvinator bunkers, dipping cabinets, blast chillers, reach-ins and low- and medium- temp merchandisers.
The Kelvinator name also lives on at Electrolux in the form of Kelvinator Commercial, which markets chest freezers, ice cream freezers and reach-ins with a stainless steel door.
References
^ History of Kelvinator, retrieved on August 8, 2007.
^ a b Hubbert, Christopher J. "The Kelvin Home: Cleveland Heights Leads the Way to: 'a New and Better Way of Living'", Feature Article, Cleveland Heights Historical Society, 2006, retrieved on 2008-11-02.
^ a b "History of the Refrigerator" History.com, A&E Television Networks, undated, retrieved on 2008-11-02.
^ Hyde, Charles K. (2003). Riding the Roller Coaster. Wayne State University Press. p.276. ISBN 9780814330913. http://books.google.com/books?id=aQhTq18vi7AC&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=Kelvinator+history+1968&source=web&ots=B961yUW5cQ&sig=Xq03m8_klJCGxmDmIYZwyieHs_g&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=12&ct=result.
Categories: Electrolux brands | American Motors | Nash Motors | Home appliance manufacturers | Defunct companies of the United States

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Nudie Cohn (December 15, 1902 May 9, 1984) was a Ukrainian-American tailor, known for designing rhinestone-covered suits and other elaborate outfits, to be worn by celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Gram Parsons and John Lennon.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Opens own business
3 Publicity
4 Celebrities
5 External links
6 References
//
Early life
Cohn was born in Kiev as Nuta Kotlyarenko and moved to New York as a child. Initially moving to California to become a boxer, he instead worked as an extra and a costume designer. He moved to Minnesota for a while, marrying in 1934. Cohn and his wife Bobbie moved to New York City, where they opened their first store, Nudie's for the Ladies, which specialized in customized underwear for showgirls.
Opens own business
Nudie returned to California in 1947, where he talked bandleader Tex Williams into auctioning off a horse to purchase him a sewing machine. Opening a store at 5015 Lankershim Boulevard in North Hollywood, Nudie began designing Hollywood western wear, a style promoted in films from the prewar era. His designs notable for even greater than usual ostentatiousness, including extensive use of rhinestones and themed-appliques. One of his early designs, for singer Porter Wagoner, was a peach-colored suit featuring rhinestones, a covered wagon appliqu on the back, and wagon wheel piping on the legs. Nudie offered the suit to Wagoner for free, suspecting that having his suit worn by a popular singer would act, in effect, as a billboard for Nudie's designs. In the 1960s Nudie designer Manuel Cuevas was made head designer. Many of the designs featured Mexican Virgen de Guadalupe and other Mexican and Hispanic Southwestern design themes. Cohn eventually dubbed his business "Nudie's of Hollywood".
Publicity
Nudie Cohn relentlessly publicized himself. He is reported to have driven to poorer sections of town and distributed dollar bills with a sticker of his face over Washington's. "When you get sick of looking at me," he'd say, "just rip it off and spend it." Nudie also customized many vehicles for GM between 1950 and 1975 with typical Nudie icons, such as silver-dollar-studded dashboards, pistol door handles, and longhorn steer horns on the hood of the car. These were called "Nudie Mobiles", and have become valued collector's items. Most of them were white Pontiac Bonneville convertibles. A Bonneville convertible designed for country singer Webb Pierce can be found on display in the Country Music Hall of Fame in Nashville, Tennessee.
Celebrities
Many of Nudie Cohn's designs became signature suits for their wearers. Included among Nudie's most famous creations are Elvis Presley's $10,000 gold lam suit, which the singer wore on the cover of his 50,000,000 Elvis Fans Can't Be Wrong album. Nudie also designed Hank Williams' white cowboy suit featuring musical notation on the sleeves and Gram Parsons' "Gilded Palace of Sin" suit, which featured pill bottles, pot leaves, naked women, and a huge cross. Many of Roy Rogers' film costumes were also commissioned from Nudie's of Hollywood. And, the band ZZ Top wore them and can be seen on the cover of their 1975 album Fandango! Also the costumes of the Flemish Country and Folk entertainer Bobbejaan Schoepen were commissioned from Nudie's. On "An Intimate Evening with Eddie Stubbs", January 9, 2006, Porter Wagoner said he had 52 Nudie suits in his wardrobe, which he became famous for wearing in performance. Wagoner stated his suits cost between $11,000 to $18,000 since he acquired his first suit in 1962. .
External links
Nudie's Rodeo Tailors official site
Made In Hollywood: A Tribute to Nudie - fashion film
Picture of Nudie with Elvis
References
^ a b c "A Rhinestone Cowboy Who Grabbed Cars by the Horns.". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/04/automobiles/04AUTO.html. Retrieved on 2007-09-25. "Cohn made his mark by adorning Western-cut suits with galaxies of rhinestones, forests of fringe and symphonies of sparkling oversize G clefs. He fitted Elvis in gold lam; created a shocking ensemble for Gram Parsons, the proto-country rocker, embellished with pills and marijuana leaves; designed hundreds of shirts for the singing cowboy, Roy Rogers; and parked a star-studded 10-gallon hat on Elton John."
^ http://www.wsmonline.com/onair/archives.shtml
Categories: 1902 births | 1984 deaths | American fashion designers | Jewish fashion designers | Ukrainian Jews | People from Kiev

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Hayman drums were introduced in the late 60s, they were made by an English manufacturer. The idea was to come up with a drum series to compete with the success of the large American companies of the time.
The shells were thin walled with rings, and painted white with what they called "Vibrasonic" interiors. The lugs were essentially a copy of the Camco design. Hayman was out of business by 1975.
They did have a few endorsers, one of them being Mitch Mitchell from The Jimi Hendrix Experience.
The company started with the name George Hayman on the badge, then shortened it to just Hayman in later years.
Hayman made the drum kits in only 3 brushed metallic finishes; gold, silver and midnight blue."
Contents
1 Dating Hayman Drums
2 History
3 Sizes
4 Sound
5 Finishes
6 References
//
Dating Hayman Drums
If the badge and/or snare strainer says "George Hayman", then it's from 1968-69.
If the badge is a 4cm brass one with "Hayman - then it's around 1969-73
If the badge is smaller and silver then it's one of the last to be made during 74/75.
Also, each round badge on a Hayman drum has a patent number - giving the year of manufacture within the patent number.
History
"They were the brainchild of Ivor Arbiter who besides being the first to actually bring guitars into Britain in quantity was also the first to import Ludwig and Gretsch drums during the `beat boom'. It was he who, in the sixties, cleverly identified a gap in the market for a LOUD drum set at a time when drummers were seldom miked-up outside of the studio. The original plan was to ht metal liners inside the shells of rather ordinary beech Carlton drums and, indeed, some of these were actually made. Ultimately they discarded the metal inserts, which were weighty and expensive and instead chose to thickly coat the drums' interior surfaces. Bingo! Loud and extremely cutting drums were here.
Originally the drums were named George Hayman after one of the guys ` in Dallas-Arbiter's Shoeburyness factory (whose surname, to confuse things further, was actually Haymon) and, possibly, George Way who made the legendary Camcos. In further homage to that famous American marque, the set's nut boxes were also made circular, which was well avant-garde at the time. Anyway, the name was eventually shortened to the more identifiable Hayman.
The drums had a mixture of features which, prior to 1969, would only be seen on expensive American products. Triple-flange hoops, which gave a more open sound, very new to British drums, as were non-telescopic spurs, adjustable, swivelling shell­ mounts and cymbal arms and an abundance of' tension screws and Reno heads.
Dallas-Arbiter designed their own cumbersome tom holder too, which might well have looked good on the drawing board, but in reality was something of a nightmare. A flat, curved and slotted rail was jacked­ up a little above the bass drum shell and to this was attached the body of the cast tom holder itself. This was fitted with not one, but two ratchets and by judicious use of both you could actually have exceedingly limited horizontal height adjustment. A radial-toothed block was fixed to the tom which mated with a ratchet on the holder to maintain its playing angle, and very large capstan nuts locked tom to holder and holder to bass drum rail. These capstans had an annoying tendency to crush your fingers against the drum and were neither particularly stable nor hard wearing. Rut at the time, it was the best around. Hayman spurs were modelled on Ludwig ­type outrigger designs, but with large, cast circular holder blocks which matched the nut boxes and also located the tom legs. Hayman's `lightning-bolt' bass drum tensioners were the first I'd seen that were ergonomically designed to ease operation - they were shaped to accommodate the thumbs better.
The Dallas-Arbiter company also produced pretty good double-braced, tripod-based stands and pedals called Speedamatic, which were actually a lot more substantial and sophisticated than the majority of their competition. They're no doubt still seeing service in drum sets almost a quarter of a century after their conception. The snare stand was the first in Britain to use a basket-holding mechanism while the wide, industrial-fibre-belted bass pedal and double-sprung hi-hat (both featuring easily adjustable springs) were particularly were worthy. They were more rugged than just about anything else on the market, although the extremely chunky, scalloped cast screws which arrested all the adjustable bits did leave something to be desired.
Initially the Hayman snare drums all had 5 1/2" deep wooden shells in common with the rest of the drums, but a year or so later aluminium-shelled versions were introduced. They were loosely modelled along the lines of Ludwig's 400, although in appearance, their shells were much more like Gretsch's. I'm told they didn't make too many metal drums so theye evidently quite collectable.
Hayman were the first non-American snare drums to have ten tensioners per head and boasted a simple, but effective American-style on/off strainer attached to a 22 strand snare. They also had an American-style swivelling damper like Ludwig's.
Sizes
Size-wise Hayman sets originally came with 22", 20" or 18" bass drums and 12", 13", 14" and 16" toms, but eventually 24", 26" and even 28" basses appeared. The jazzers of the time went for the 18"x 12", 12"x8" and 14"x14" Recording outfit, while the rockers went for the larger-sized Showmans.
Sound
As I said, the secret of the Hayman sound was in the interior coating. It was rather grandly called Vibrasonic but was simply a thickish, sprayed-on coat of ordinary white polyurethane paint (originally with an unfortunate tendency to craze). Its function was to harden the surface of the drum, allowing the sound to bounce around inside and give more `crack'. Hayman drums didn't sound exactly warm but, for the mostly un-amplified drummers of the time, fitted the bill exactly. They cut through any sort of music at high levels.
Finishes
The original Haymans were only available in three brushed metallic finishes: Solid Silver, Gold Ingot and Midnight Blue, (Regal Red, Matt Black, Natural Pine and see-through Iceberg were introduced later) the first five of which 1 was once told were also used to cover refrigerators.
When they were first introduced in August 1969, a five drum Showman set without stands would have cost ?265.
References
^ True Brits, Bob Henrit, Rhythm Magazine
^ Not so Modern Drummer
^ True Brits, Bob Henrit, Rhythm Magazine
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Roboboa
Roboboa is a robotic snake produced by WowWee. Roboboas has 4 angled body sections, allowing Roboboa to coil by rotating adjacent sections. A motorized tail roller and casters on the midsection allow Roboboa to move in a straight line.
Contents
1 Hardware
2 Functions
3 Action Buttons
4 Programming
5 External links
//
Hardware
4 motorized sections
IR (infrafred) sensor
Light sensor
Speaker
Remote control
Roboboa requires 4 x D cell batteries, and 4 x AAA batteries for the remote control.
Functions
The remote control has 7 action buttons, an 8-way directional pad, and 2 mode buttons. The remote also functions as a flashlight. The Strafe/Lazer/Cannon functions allow Roboboa to send commands to other WowWee robots such as other Roboboas, Robosapien, Robosapien v2, Roboreptile, Roboraptor, Robopet, or Roboquad.
Action Buttons
Roboboa operates in distinct modes, accessed by pressing one of the action buttons. Secondary options are selectable by holding the action button down for 2 seconds, or by pressing a Mode button followed by an action button. Roboboa also has a Lighting Mode button on his head, which converts him into an area light After 1 hour, Roboboa will revert from Lighting Mode to Aware mode. In Aware Mode, Roboboa remains in place but will track movement and emit various sounds.
Tail/Head:Reset:Strafe action button: Tail/Head toggles the 8-way directional pad to control either the head end or tail end of the Roboboa. Reset will clear all alarms, programs, and volume settings, and return Roboboa to the default position. Strafe sends IR command signals that are recognized by Robopet, Roboquad, and other Roboboas.
Track:Scan:Lazer action button: In Track mode (as in Aware mode), Roboboa remains in place but will turn his light on and track nearby objects that are detected by IR. In Scan mode, Roboboa moves his head from left to right until an object is detected. Lazer sends IR command signals that are recognized by Roboreptile and Roboraptor.
Explore:Sleep:Cannon action button: In Explore mode, Roboboa will wander in search of objects. Sleep causes Roboboa to curl up and suspend; programs and alarms are remembered, and alarm events will cause Roboboa to wake up. If no event occur within 24 hours of entering Sleep mode, Roboboa will enter Shutdown mode. Cannon sends IR command signals that are recognized by Robosapien and Robosapien V2.
Alarmaily:Test action button: Selects one of three alarm modes. Pressing the Alarm button multiple times will set Roboboa to wake up and play an alarm that many hours in the future, i.e. two presses sets the Alarm for 2 hours. The maximum setting is 16 hours. Five seconds after the last press of Alarm, Roboboa will enter Sleep mode until the alarm time elapses. After setting an Alarm, it can be flagged as a daily recurring Alarm by holding the Alarm button for 2 seconds to activate Daily alarm mode. Test will demonstrate Roboboa's alarm sounds, lights and actions.
Guard:Sentryatrol action button: Guard mode causes Roboboa to scan for objects within a range of several feet. Guard mode times out after 2 hours and Roboboa enters Aware mode. Sentry mode causes Roboboa to spin while scanning. If an object is detected, Roboboa will flash and then spin the opposite direction. Sentry mode times out after 20 minutes, followed by Aware mode. Patrol mode causes Roboboa to move randomly. After detecting an object, Roboboa will flash and then move in a new direction. Patrol mode times out after 10 minutes, followed by Aware mode.
Demoarty:Volume action button: Demo causes Roboboa to show his movement, sound and light capabilities. Party causes Roboboa to act as a disco light. Volume cycles through preset options of Loud, Medium, Soft and Off. Volume setting is lost after Reset.
Executerogram:Back action button: Execute will start a stored program of up to 40 commands. Program mode allows storing of commands, while Back removes the last command entered. The program is stored and played back by pressing the Execute button again.
Sleep mode: If Roboboa is not disturbed for 2 hours, he will curl up and enter sleep mode. If no alarms are set, Roboboa will enter Shutdown after 24 hours in Sleep mode.
Programming
Roboboa can be 'programmed' by entering commands with the remote; up to 40 commands can be recorded and played back in sequence. Two conditional steps can pause the playback until either the light level changes, or an object passes in front of the IR sensor. Playback resumes after the event.
External links
Official website
Roboboa Home on RoboCommunity - The official WowWee Robotics user community
WowWee Roboboa support page

v?d?eWowWee Robotics
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Visquine is a brand of plastic sheeting, commonly between 4 and 10mils (0.1 to 0.25mm) thick, used as a temporary tarpaulin. It is commonly used to cover concrete as it sets, as a drop cloth when painting, to line decorative ponds, and to cover the ground before applying stone or wood chips to prevent weed growth. Large (100' x 20') sheets of visquine are also used during flood fights to protect levees from wave wash erosion.
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